In 2011, PJM commissioned GE’s Energy Consulting group to evaluate the impacts of increased renewable energy on the operation of the grid.
Over the 15-year period evaluated by GE’s Energy Consulting group it was determined that although increased renewable penetration causes conventional fossil fuels power plants to cycle more, the benefits from the renewable energy outweigh those impacts.
Study results showed that to achieve the 14% renewable portfolio standard (40 gigawatts) PJM has set out to achieve, it will need:
Regulation ›
An additional
350
megawatt regulating reserves
Transmission ›
~$4B
in Transmission investment
KEY TAKEAWAYS
On an annual basis the associated transmission investment to achieve 14% renewables penetration will be minimal - $4 per Megawatt hour (MWh) of renewable energy, compared to the fuel cost savings of ~$70 per MWh of renewables added to the PJM system.
For every megawatt of wind and solar capacity added to the PJM system, there is a need for a relatively small amount, ~1%, of additional regulation.
1. WestConnect also includes utilities in California, but these were not included in WWSIS because California had already completed a renewable energy integration study for the state.
HAWAII WIND STUDY
"Hawaii RPS Study." Hawaii Natural Energy Institute. N.p., 19 May 2015. Web. 30 Mar. 2016.
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